Chapter- 21
Global Climatic Changes
D. Answer the following questions.
1.Why are greenhouse gases important?
Ans. Greenhouse gases are important because they help keep the earth warm enough for us, plants and animals to live. However, human beings are adding extra greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. These extra gases are causing the earth to get warmer, resulting in changes on land, oceans and atmosphere.
2.What do you understand by greenhouse effect?
Ans. Greenhouse effect is a process that occurs when gases in Earth's atmosphere trap the sun's heat. This process makes Earth much warmer than it would be without an atmosphere. The greenhouse effect is one of the things that makes Earth a comfortable place to live.
3.Is greenhouse effect good or bad for us? Why?
Ans. The greenhouse effect is good thing. It warms the planet to its comfortable average of 59 degrees Fahrenheit (15 degrees Celsius) and keeps life on earth and livable. Without it the world would be a frozen, uninhabitable place, more like Mars.
4.What is global warming?
Ans. Burning of fossil fuels such as coal, petrol, gas give off huge amounts of carbon dioxide. This makes the greenhouse gas a little thicker. These gases absorb heat easily. As a result more of the sun's heat gets trapped inside the atmosphere. This makes the planet warm. This is known as global warming.
5.What is acid rain, what are its effects?
Ans. When rain falls through polluted air, it absorbs some of the pollutants (gases) and becomes more acidic - producing what's known as Acid Rain.
The major problems of Acid rain are:
a.damages buildings by eating away stonework.
b.causes death of forests.
c.reduces the fertility of the soil.
d.causes diseases.
6.What do you understand by ozone depletion?
Ans. Ozone layer depletion means the thinning of the ozone layer present in the upper atmosphere (stratosphere). That is harmful to nature and the atmosphere. Ozone layer depletion is one of the major problems for the atmosphere and also for all the living beings including the flora and fauna of this earth.
7.What are the effects of air pollution?
Ans. Air pollution can harm the health of people. It can damage crops and cause harm to animals also. Apart from blackening buildings with soot, they also contribute to acid rains.
8.What can you do to stop global warming?
Ans. We need to reduce global warming. It means producing less carbon dioxide emission and using less energy or using it more efficiently.
You can do the following things to start with:
a.use energy - saving fluorescent lamps instead of incandescent ones.
b.use renewable energy - solar and wind energy.
c.bicycle, walk or take a bus instead of using your car.
Chapter- 20
E. Answer the following questions:
Natural Disasters
Page 147E. Answer the following questions:
1. What do you understand by the term 'natural disasters'?
Ans. The term natural disasters means weather related destruction which is sudden, great misfortune causing huge damage and loss to life and property. E.g. Earthquake, Tsunami, Cyclone etc.
2. How are disasters classified? Give four examples of each.
Ans. Disasters are generally classified into Natural and Man-made.
Natural Disasters are : 1) Flood 2) Earthquake 3) Tsunami 4) Cyclone etc.
Man-made disasters are : 1) Forest fire 2) Pollution 3) War 4) Nuclear etc.
3. What will you do if an earthquake strikes your school?
Ans. When the earthquake strikes the school, I need to do three things : Drop, Cover and Hold on, and not to move until the shaking stops.
4. Who helps during the times of disaster?
Ans. The government agencies and rescue workers are assigned to help during the times of disaster.
5. Can scientists predict earthquakes?
Ans. Scientists cannot predict the earthquakes, but they can record all the movements and debacles of an earthquake using an instrument called 'Seismograph'.
6. In which layer of the earth does an earthquake occur?
Ans. An earthquake occurs in the crust or upper mantle. The earth's crust is made of huge pieces called 'Plates' that fit together tightly. Sometimes, these huge plates move and collide with each other. When this happens, a lot of energy is released causing an earthquake.
Chapter- 18
The Movement For Independence
Page 133E. Answer the following questions:
1. Why was the Indian National Congress formed? In which year was it formed?
Ans. The Indian National Congress was formed in the year 1885, to draw the attention of the British towards the problems and demands of the Indian people.
2. Name some important leaders of the Indian National Congress.
Ans. Some important leaders of the Indian National Congress are - W. C. Bannerjee, Dadabhai Naoroji, Firozshah Mehta, S. N. Bannerjee, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Badruddin Tyabji and G. Subramanya Iyyer.
3. What was the Swadeshi Movement?
Ans. The Swadeshi Movement was a protest against the partition of Bengal by stopping uses of British goods, and using only the 'Swadeshi' goods, that is, the goods made in India. This movement was called the Swadeshi Movement.
4. Who were the Revolutionaries?
Ans. Indian leaders who believed that the only way to get freedom was to fight the British with bombs and weapons, were called the Revolutionaries.
Chapter- 17
The Revolt of 1857-The First Struggle for Freedom
Page 128E. Answer the following questions:
1. Why were the Indians dissatisfied with the British rule?
Ans. The Indians were dissatisfied with the British rule because - The British ruled over India to suit their own needs. They bought the Indian goods at low prices. They did not allow the Indian craftsmen and farmers to sell their goods to anyone else. And above all, the wealth of India was being taken away to Britain.
2. Name some important leaders of the revolt of 1857.
Ans. Some important leaders of the revolt of 1857 were - Nana Sahib in Kanpur, Tantia Tope in Bundelkhand, Rani Laxmi Bai of Jhansi, Begum Hazrat Mahal in Lucknow and Bahadur Shah Zafar in Delhi.
3. Why could India not attain freedom after the revolt of 1857?
Ans. India could not attain freedom after the revolt of 1857 because the Indians were not united and unaware about this movement, as well as they did not have a well-organised army like that of the British.
Chapter- 16
E. Answer the following questions:
How the United Nations Works
Page 121E. Answer the following questions:
1. List the main organs of the United Nations.
Ans. The main organs of the United Nations are-
a. The General Assembly
b. The Security Council
c. The Economic and Social Council
d. The Trusteeship Council
e. The International Court of Justice
f. The Secretariat
2. Who are the members of the General Assembly?
Ans. All the member nations who represent their Representatives of their respective countries are the members of the General Assembly. The membership of the U. N. is open to all peace-loving nations.
3. What is the main function of the Security Council? Name its five permanent members.
Ans. The main function of the Security Council is to maintain peace throughout the world. The five permanent members of Security Council are - The United States, the United Kingdom, Russia, France and China.
4. What does the UNICEF stand for? What does it do for the children?
Ans. The UNICEF stands for United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund. It helps millions of mothers and children in poor countries by giving them medicines and food. It also helps in controlling diseases among the children.
5. What are the main functions of the WHO?
Ans. The main functions of the WHO is to prevent the spread of diseases around the world and to organize campaigns diseases like Malaria and Tuberculosis.
6. Write three lines on the FAO.
Ans. Three lines on the FAO - The Food and Agriculture Organization aims to help countries to increase their food production. It has its headquarters in Rome, Italy. The FAO experts help countries to improve their methods of farming, to fight diseases that destroy crops and to overcome soil erosion.
7. Mention any three main achievements of the United Nations.
Ans. Three main achievements of the United Nations are -
a. Its biggest achievement is that it has been successful in avoiding a third world war so far.
b. It has resolved many international issues peacefully.
c. It has provided relief to refugees and the victims of natural disasters.
Chapter- 15
The Birth of United Nations
Page 114D. Answer the following questions:
1. What do you mean by the term 'World War'?
Ans. The term 'World War' means many countries being involved in the war.
2. Why must wars be stopped?
Ans. Wars must be stopped because it causes a lot of destruction, loss of human lives, injuries, and wastage of money on destructive arms and weapons.
3. Write two main objectives of the U. N.
Ans. Two main objectives of the U. N. are - 1) To maintain international peace and security. 2) To promote friendly relations among the various nations.
4. List any three Human Rights.
Ans. The three Human Rights are - 1) The right to live as free citizens of a country. 2) All the people should be equal before law. 3) The right to education.
Chapter- 14
E. Answer the following questions:
The Great Indians
Page 109E. Answer the following questions:
1. For which achievement was C. V. Raman awarded the Nobel Prize?
Ans. C. V. Raman was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of light, which was known as the 'Raman Effect'.
2. Name a few achievements of A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, the former President of India, in the field of science and technology.
Ans. A few achievements of A. P. J. Abdul Kalam are - The Missile Man of India, The Bharat Ratna Award, India self-reliant, Electronic warfare system, Chief Scientific Advisor, Aerospace Engineer etc.
3. Why is Sushruta called the 'Father of Indian Surgery'?
Ans. Sushruta is called the 'Father of Indian Surgery' because he was the first person to have studied in detail, the structure of human body.
4. What is meant by Ayurveda?
Ans. The word Ayurveda is derived from two Sanskrit words 'Ayu' means life and 'Veda' means knowledge. Thus, Ayurveda is the system which provides knowledge about life.
5. Who is M. F. Hussain? Mention any two of his contributions.
Ans. M. F. Hussain fully known as Maqbool Fida Hussain was an Indian painter of global repute and a founding member of Bombay Progressive Artists Group. His two contributions are Bombay Art Society and Lalit Kala Academy.
6. Name any two awards received by M. S. Subbulakshmi.
Ans. Two awards received by M. S. Subbulakshmi are - The Bharat Ratna Award in 1998 and The Sangeet Kalanidhi Award in 1968.
Chapter- 13
E. Answer the following questions:
The Age of Machines
Page 104E. Answer the following questions:
1. Who was James Watt?
Ans. James Watt was a Scottish mathematician and engineer, who invented the steam engine in 1769.
2. What is meant by mass production? What are its advantages?
Ans. Mass production means the system of using machines to make the same kind of things in a large number. The advantages of mass production are - More products can be manufactured by less use of labours and in short time with cheaper rate.
3. What was the first fuel to be used in machines? Why did people start looking for other sources of energy?
Ans. Coal was the first fuel to be used in machines on a large scale.
People started looking for other sources of energy because they realised that coal would not last forever because the coal deposits in the mines were limited.
4. What are the products which we get by refining the crude oil? Who invented the petrol engine?
Ans. Products like kerosene, petrol, gasoline, diesel and other oil products are which we get by refining crude oil. A German scientist named Daimler, invented the petrol engine.
5. What is hydroelectricity?
Ans. The electricity that is generated from moving water is called hydroelectricity.
6. What are the renewable sources of energy? Why are these sources of energy better?
Ans. The renewable sources of energy are the sources, that last forever and do not damage our environment. These are called renewable sources of energy, such as solar energy and wind energy. These types of sources of energy are better because they never get exhausted and do not pollute the atmosphere.
Chapter- 12
F. Answer the following questions:
Towards a Healthier Life
Page 97 and 98F. Answer the following questions:
1. How is a stethoscope useful to a doctor?
Ans. Stethoscope helps a doctor to find out whether the heart and lungs of a patient are functioning normally.
2. What is a microscope? How is it useful to a doctor?
Ans. A microscope is an instrument which magnifies small objects and helps doctors and scientists to see through the minute germs that are not normally visible to our naked eye.
3. Name two modern machines which help the doctors to see the conditions of the brain and heart.
Ans. The two modern machines which help doctors see the conditions of the brain and heart are - 1) ECG ( Electro-Cardio-Graph ) and 2) EEG ( Electro-Encephalo-Gram )
4. How did Edward Jenner discover the vaccine for smallpox?
Ans. Edward Jenner discovered the vaccine for smallpox, by extracting a puss-like liquid from the sores of a milkmaid who had cowpox and inserting it into the body of a boy named Phipp. After much hesitation Jenner decided to take the risk and injected Phipp with the germ of smallpox. To his great joy Phipp did not get smallpox. It confirmed that patients who once suffered from cowpox became free from smallpox. This led to the development of the anti smallpox vaccine.
5. What is meant by Pasteurisation?
Ans. The process of killing germs by heating to a certain temperature is called Pasteurisation.
6. Name four simple and cheap ways to prevent diseases.
Ans. Four simple and cheap ways to prevent diseases are - 1) Cleanliness 2) Nutritious food 3) Exercise and 4) Inoculation Programmes.
Chapter- 11
E. Answer the following questions:
The World of Growing Knowledge
Page 89E. Answer the following questions:
1. Why was the need for a script felt? When did writing evolve?
Ans. The need for a script was felt, for the people because their knowledge grew so much that it was not possible to memorize it. Writing evolved about 5000 years ago.
2. From which script have the modern Indian languages developed?
Ans. The modern Indian languages have developed from the 'Brahmi script.'
3. Why was the earliest system of counting based on 10?
Ans. The earliest system of counting was based on 10. Because we have ten fingers, people must have learnt counting by using their fingers.
4. What is the most important contribution of ancient India in the field of numbers?
Ans. The idea of zero or shunya was the most important contribution of ancient India in the field of numbers. Zero was invented by Aryabhatta.
5. How did the Egyptians make paper?
Ans. The Egyptians made paper from a water-plant, called Papyrus from which the word, 'paper' got its name.
6. How did the printing press help in the spread of knowledge?
Ans. The invention of the printing press changed the world greatly. In a short time a large number of books were printed. The large supply of printed books made them cheaper. More people could now afford them, and in this way helped in the spread of knowledge.
Chapter- 10
Sending and Receiving Messages
Page 81
E. Answer the following questions:1. How do newspapers collect news?
Ans. Newspapers collect news through the news reporters and photographers stationed at many places all over the world. The news agencies spread in every country to gather news of their region and thereafter, the editor and his team find and select important news items and the headlines to be printed and published. In this way the newspaper reaches our house every morning.
2. How advertisements are an effective way of communicating the quality of products?
Ans. Advertisements are a competitive way of spreading the knowledge and durability products. They tell us how a certain product is better than others and is thus an effective way of communicating its quality to the buyers.
3. How is radio communication important for pilots in planes and captains on ships?
Ans. The radio communication is important for pilots in planes during landing and take-off, they receive instructions from the airport control-tower by means of radio communication.
And for the captains on ships the radio links on their route, help them to receive weather reports. Even they can communicate or send messages and ask for aid during the time of storm and calamities.
4. How have man-made satellites improved the means of mass communication?
Ans. Man-made communication satellites called artificial satellites have to be sent up into outer space to orbit the earth. These satellites carry valuable and useful equipment which help us to send and receive messages and pictures to and from all parts of the world. They help in the relay of radio, telephone, mobile, telegraph, teleprinter and TV programmes to all the countries of the earth and in this way has improved the means of mass communication.
5. List six ways in which messages can be sent from Delhi to London.
Ans. Six ways in which messages can be sent from Delhi to London are as follows:
1) Internet
2) E-Mail
3) Telephone (ISD)
4) Fax or Facsimile
5) Television
6) Radio
Chapter- 9
Means of Transport
Page 73E. Answer the following questions:
1. What are the speedways? How do they help the traffic to move faster?
Ans. Speedways are the wide roads where six vehicles can move sideways in each direction. They help the traffic to move faster since they don't pass through towns and there are no traffic lights.
2. Name two problems created by the roadways? How can we overcome these problems?
Ans. Two problems created by the roadways are - pollution and accidents. We can overcome these problems by reducing the private vehicles and increasing more of good public transports and above all obeying the traffic rules.
3. When and where was the railway first introduced in India?
Ans. The first railway in India was introduced between Mumbai and Thane, in the year 1853. It was a distance of only 30 km.
4. What are the advantages of waterways?
Ans. The advantages of waterways are, that they are cheaper because they do not require money to build or to maintain. They carry heavy and bulky goods over thousands of kilometers. They play an important role in trade and commerce of the world.
5. How does the Suez Canal help international trade?
Ans. The Suez Canal which was built in 1869 provides the shortest route between Europe and the East, connecting the Red Sea with the Mediterranean Sea. In this way it becomes very helpful for international trade.
6. What are the advantages of air travel?
Ans. The advantages of air travel is that it has made travelling safer, quicker and comfortable, and people can travel long distance in shorter time.
Chapter- 8
E. Answer the following questions:
Greenland - The Land of Ice and Snow
Page 61E. Answer the following questions:
1. Where is Greenland located?
Ans. The island of Greenland is located near the North Pole, which is the part of Denmark. It is the longest island in the world, and lies mostly above the Arctic Circle, therefore it falls in the Tundra Region.
2. What is an iceberg? Why is it dangerous?
Ans. A huge piece of ice floating on the surface of an ocean is called an iceberg. It is dangerous for the passing ships because they can see only the tip of it while the rest of the iceberg is hidden under the water, which can cause great damage to them.
3. How is the climate of Greenland affected by the location?
Ans. Because of its location in the Arctic region, Greenland has an icy, cold climate. The sun rays over there are so slanting that even during the summer, they hardly warm up the air.
4. How do Eskimos protect themselves from the biting cold?
Ans. The Eskimos wear coats or jackets with fur-lined hoods called the Parkas, fur gloves, warm leggings and long-legged shoes made from the skins of seals. They also eat a lot of fat and heat producing food to protect themselves from the biting cold.
5. Name the animals found in Greenland. How are they useful to the Greenlanders?
Ans. The animals found in Greenland are musk ox, reindeer, arctic fox, arctic wolf and arctic hare. Among the aquatic animals huge whales, seals and walruses are found in plenty.
These animals are used in many ways to the Greenlanders like : to make warm coats or jackets, fur gloves, warm leggings and long-legged shoes etc. Some animals are also used as food, providing them with fat and heat.
6. Write five lines on the recent changes in the life of the Greenlanders.
Ans. There are several changes in the life of the Greenlanders like : There are several large towns, where people work big oil companies. They have improved shops, libraries, hospitals, schools, markets and clubs. They have all the modern means of transport including helicopters and flights domestic and international. Motorboats have replaced the Kayaks of the past. They have skidoos or motorised sledges for transport. They use rifles for hunting.
Chapter- 7
Prairies - The Temperate Grasslands of USA
E. Answer the following questions:1. What type of climate is found in the prairies of USA?
Ans. The prairies of USA have a cool and temperate climate. The summers are not very hot, but the winters are quite cold. There is a moderate rainfall, mostly during the spring and in winter, there is heavy snowfall.
2. Why are the prairies called the 'wheat basket' of the world?
Ans. The prairies are called the 'wheat basket' of the world because the wheat produced here is enough not only for the country, but is exported to other countries, making it the largest wheat producing region in the world.
3. How do the modern machines help the farmers in the USA?
Ans. The multiple modern machines called Combine Harvester help the farmers in all the work such as ploughing the land, sowing seeds, reaping, threshing and winnowing the crops. Even packing is done with the help of a machine.
4. What is a ranch?
Ans. A ranch is a large farm in the United States where animals are raised for sale. They raise cattle, sheep or horses.
5. Name two food products exported from America to other countries.
Ans. Milk products and wheat are exported from America to other countries.
Chapter- 6
Saudi Arabia- The Land of Hot Sand
E. Answer the following questions:
1. What type of climate is found in the deserts like that of Saudi Arabia?
Ans. Saudi Arabia has a harsh climate. In summer, the temperature shoots up very high, making it terribly hot.
2. How do the plants survive in a desert?
Ans. The plants in a desert area have long roots which go deep into the ground to draw water for their survival.
3. What is an oasis? Name the crops that are grown around an oasis.
Ans. In some parts of the desert underground, water like lakes or deep wells come to the surface forming water bodies called oases. Crops that are grown around an oasis are wheat, barley, dates, melons, and vegetables like tomatoes.
4. Name the important tree of the oasis. How is it useful to the people of Saudi Arabia?
Ans. The most important tree of the oasis is date-palm. It is used to make various things like mats, baskets, building materials and other products.
5. Who are Bedouins? What do you know about their lives?
Ans. Bedouins are the people who wander from place to place in search of pasture, land for their animals. Their main occupation is keeping herds of camels, sheep, goats and other animals.
6. Why is the camel called 'the ship of the desert'?
Ans. Being the most important means of transport, the camel is called 'the ship of the desert'.
7. What do you mean by 'liquid gold'? Why is it so called?
Ans. Mineral oil is taken out of the ground and refined in the oil refineries into petroleum. It is called 'liquid gold' because of its economic value.
8. How has the life of the people of Saudi Arabia changed in recent times?
Ans. The development in science and technology has changed and made the life of the people of Saudi Arabia, more comfortable. Even the huge farms are being cultivated, Salty water of the sea is also being changed into drinking water.
Saudi Arabia- The Land of Hot Sand
E. Answer the following questions:
1. What type of climate is found in the deserts like that of Saudi Arabia?
Ans. Saudi Arabia has a harsh climate. In summer, the temperature shoots up very high, making it terribly hot.
2. How do the plants survive in a desert?
Ans. The plants in a desert area have long roots which go deep into the ground to draw water for their survival.
3. What is an oasis? Name the crops that are grown around an oasis.
Ans. In some parts of the desert underground, water like lakes or deep wells come to the surface forming water bodies called oases. Crops that are grown around an oasis are wheat, barley, dates, melons, and vegetables like tomatoes.
4. Name the important tree of the oasis. How is it useful to the people of Saudi Arabia?
Ans. The most important tree of the oasis is date-palm. It is used to make various things like mats, baskets, building materials and other products.
5. Who are Bedouins? What do you know about their lives?
Ans. Bedouins are the people who wander from place to place in search of pasture, land for their animals. Their main occupation is keeping herds of camels, sheep, goats and other animals.
6. Why is the camel called 'the ship of the desert'?
Ans. Being the most important means of transport, the camel is called 'the ship of the desert'.
7. What do you mean by 'liquid gold'? Why is it so called?
Ans. Mineral oil is taken out of the ground and refined in the oil refineries into petroleum. It is called 'liquid gold' because of its economic value.
8. How has the life of the people of Saudi Arabia changed in recent times?
Ans. The development in science and technology has changed and made the life of the people of Saudi Arabia, more comfortable. Even the huge farms are being cultivated, Salty water of the sea is also being changed into drinking water.
Chapter- 5
The Land of Dense Forests- The Democratic Republic of Congo
D. Answer the following questions :
1. Describe the climate of Democratic Republic of Congo.
Ans. Democratic Republic of Congo has a typical Equatorial climate. It is hot and
wet throughout the year. It rains here almost everyday.
wet throughout the year. It rains here almost everyday.
2. Why does Democratic Republic of Congo have a hot and wet climate?
Ans. Democratic Republic of Congo experiences the direct rays of the sun. Hence, it has a very hot climate. Due to excessive rain throughout the year, the climate is also quite wet and humid all the year through.
Ans. Democratic Republic of Congo experiences the direct rays of the sun. Hence, it has a very hot climate. Due to excessive rain throughout the year, the climate is also quite wet and humid all the year through.
3. What do you know about the natural vegetation of Democratic Republic of Congo?
Ans. The trees in this region are so close to each other that their branches get entangled and form a green and broad roof or a thick canopy at the top. The rays of the sun cannot pass through them. Therefore the Democratic Republic of Congo is sometimes called the 'heart of darkness'.
Ans. The trees in this region are so close to each other that their branches get entangled and form a green and broad roof or a thick canopy at the top. The rays of the sun cannot pass through them. Therefore the Democratic Republic of Congo is sometimes called the 'heart of darkness'.
4. Name four animals and birds found in the forests of Democratic Republic of Congo.
Ans. The animals found in this region are wild buffaloes, elephants, okapi, hippopotamuses. And the birds are hornbill, goldcoast, flying squirrel and screeching parrots.
Ans. The animals found in this region are wild buffaloes, elephants, okapi, hippopotamuses. And the birds are hornbill, goldcoast, flying squirrel and screeching parrots.
5. Write five lines on the life of Pygmies.
Ans. Pygmies are the primitive people of the region of the Congo. They are dark in colour and are short about 1.5m. in height. They live in dense forest. They are nomads and are very fond of bananas. They are also excellent hunters.
Ans. Pygmies are the primitive people of the region of the Congo. They are dark in colour and are short about 1.5m. in height. They live in dense forest. They are nomads and are very fond of bananas. They are also excellent hunters.
6. Name some important crops grown in Democratic Republic of Congo.
Ans. Some of the important crops are maize, banana, vegetables, groundnuts, and cassava etc. They have also started growing cash crops like rubber, coffee, groundnut, rice and cotton.
Ans. Some of the important crops are maize, banana, vegetables, groundnuts, and cassava etc. They have also started growing cash crops like rubber, coffee, groundnut, rice and cotton.
7. Name the main industries of Democratic Republic of Congo.
Ans. The main industries of Democratic Republic of Congo are textiles, chemicals, paper, soap, cement and cigarettes.
Ans. The main industries of Democratic Republic of Congo are textiles, chemicals, paper, soap, cement and cigarettes.
8. How is the life of the people of Democratic Republic of Congo changing in the modern times?
Ans. The life of the people of Democratic Republic of Congo is changing in the modern times as the country is becoming more and more industrialised. Life of the people in big cities here is very similar to the life of the people in big cities in other parts of the world.
Ans. The life of the people of Democratic Republic of Congo is changing in the modern times as the country is becoming more and more industrialised. Life of the people in big cities here is very similar to the life of the people in big cities in other parts of the world.
Chapter- 4
Climatic Regions of the World
E. Answer the following questions:1. What do you understand by a climatic region?
Ans. Broad areas having a similar type of climate are called the climatic regions.
2. What type of climate is found in the Tropical region? Name two places having a Tropical climate.
Ans. The Tropical region generally have a hot and wet climate. This type of climate is found in the Congo Basin in Africa and the Amazon Basin in South America.
3. What do you mean by a Temperate region? Describe the climate found in the Temperate region.
Ans. The Temperate region lies between the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle in the Northern Hemisphere and between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle in the Southern Hemisphere.
In the Temperate region the summers are not so hot and the winters are very cold.
4. What type of climate is found in the Polar region?
Ans. In the Polar region the summers are very short and cold. Winters are very long and extremely cold. This region is frozen for most part of the year.
Chapter- 3
Factors That Affect Our Climate
E. Answer the following questions:
1. Distinguish between weather and climate.
Ans. The temperature, rainfall, pressure and the condition of the atmosphere of a particular place over a short period of time is called weather.
The kind of weather at a place for over a period of many years is called climate.
2. Name the four factors that influence the climate of a place.
Ans. I) Distance from the Equator II) Altitude III) Distance from the Sea IV) Direction of Wind
3. Why do the places near the equator have hot climate?
Ans. Places near the Equator have hot climate, because the sun rays are more direct near the Equator, and these rays fall over a smaller area and make the place hot.
4. Why is it colder in mountains than in the plains?
Ans. It is colder in mountains than in the plain due to height of a place above the sea level. The higher the altitude, the colder the climate.
5. Why are Delhi and Amritsar hotter than Mumbai and Kolkata?
Ans. Delhi and Amritsar are hotter because they are far away from the sea and have an extreme climate, whereas Mumbai and Kolkata are closer to the sea and are neither very hot nor very cold. They have a moderate but humid climate.
1. Distinguish between weather and climate.
Ans. The temperature, rainfall, pressure and the condition of the atmosphere of a particular place over a short period of time is called weather.
The kind of weather at a place for over a period of many years is called climate.
2. Name the four factors that influence the climate of a place.
Ans. I) Distance from the Equator II) Altitude III) Distance from the Sea IV) Direction of Wind
3. Why do the places near the equator have hot climate?
Ans. Places near the Equator have hot climate, because the sun rays are more direct near the Equator, and these rays fall over a smaller area and make the place hot.
4. Why is it colder in mountains than in the plains?
Ans. It is colder in mountains than in the plain due to height of a place above the sea level. The higher the altitude, the colder the climate.
5. Why are Delhi and Amritsar hotter than Mumbai and Kolkata?
Ans. Delhi and Amritsar are hotter because they are far away from the sea and have an extreme climate, whereas Mumbai and Kolkata are closer to the sea and are neither very hot nor very cold. They have a moderate but humid climate.
Chapter- 2
The Language of Map
E. Answer the following questions :
1. What is a map?
Ans. A map is a drawing of a part or the whole of the Earth's surface, which is drawn on a flat surface or paper.
2. How are maps more useful than globes?
Ans. Maps are more useful than globes, because they show more detailed information, which globes cannot show, Maps are easier to carry and handle as they can be printed in books, rolled or folded, globes cannot be carried everywhere.
3. Name the four main directions and the sub - directions with the help of a diagram.
Ans. The four directions are - North, South, East and West. And the sub-directions are - North East, North West, South East, South West. ( Hint : See diagram on page 15 Map directions and Sub-directions)
4. What do you understand by the scale of a map? How does it help us?
Ans. The scale of a map helps us to measure the exact distance between two places shown on the map, and its relation to the actual distance on the Earth's surface.
5. Why are symbols used in a map? Draw any four symbols and write what they represent.
Ans. Some standard symbols are used everywhere in the map, because all the features of the land cannot be shown in their actual shape in the limited space available on the map. ( Hint : Write and draw any four symbols on page 17).
E. Answer the following questions :
1. What is a map?
Ans. A map is a drawing of a part or the whole of the Earth's surface, which is drawn on a flat surface or paper.
2. How are maps more useful than globes?
Ans. Maps are more useful than globes, because they show more detailed information, which globes cannot show, Maps are easier to carry and handle as they can be printed in books, rolled or folded, globes cannot be carried everywhere.
3. Name the four main directions and the sub - directions with the help of a diagram.
Ans. The four directions are - North, South, East and West. And the sub-directions are - North East, North West, South East, South West. ( Hint : See diagram on page 15 Map directions and Sub-directions)
4. What do you understand by the scale of a map? How does it help us?
Ans. The scale of a map helps us to measure the exact distance between two places shown on the map, and its relation to the actual distance on the Earth's surface.
5. Why are symbols used in a map? Draw any four symbols and write what they represent.
Ans. Some standard symbols are used everywhere in the map, because all the features of the land cannot be shown in their actual shape in the limited space available on the map. ( Hint : Write and draw any four symbols on page 17).
Chapter- 1
GLOBE The Model of the Earth
E. Answer the following questions:
1. What is a globe? How is it useful?
Ans. A globe is a small, ball - like model of the Earth. It shows the correct shape, size and location of various continents, countries , cities ,oceans and rivers of our Earth.
2. What are the latitudes? Explain with the help of a diagram.
Ans. Latitudes are the imaginary horizontal lines on the globe, running from east to west.
Hint :See diagram no.4 page 7
3. What are longitudes? How many longitudes are there on the globe? Draw a diagram
to show the Prime Meridian.
Ans. Longitudes are the imaginary lines on the globe or map, running from North to South. There are 360 longitudes on the globe.
Hint :See diagram no.5 page 8
4. How many degrees of latitudes are there between the Equator and the Poles?
Name the five important latitudes.
Ans. There are 180 degrees of latitudes between the Equator and the poles.
The five important latitudes are :
1. 0° Equator
2.23.5°N - Tropic of Cancer
3.23.5°S - Tropic of Capricorn
4.66.5°N - Arctic Circle
5.66.5°S - Antartic Circle
1. What is a globe? How is it useful?
Ans. A globe is a small, ball - like model of the Earth. It shows the correct shape, size and location of various continents, countries , cities ,oceans and rivers of our Earth.
2. What are the latitudes? Explain with the help of a diagram.
Ans. Latitudes are the imaginary horizontal lines on the globe, running from east to west.
Hint :See diagram no.4 page 7
3. What are longitudes? How many longitudes are there on the globe? Draw a diagram
to show the Prime Meridian.
Ans. Longitudes are the imaginary lines on the globe or map, running from North to South. There are 360 longitudes on the globe.
Hint :See diagram no.5 page 8
4. How many degrees of latitudes are there between the Equator and the Poles?
Name the five important latitudes.
Ans. There are 180 degrees of latitudes between the Equator and the poles.
The five important latitudes are :
1. 0° Equator
2.23.5°N - Tropic of Cancer
3.23.5°S - Tropic of Capricorn
4.66.5°N - Arctic Circle
5.66.5°S - Antartic Circle
